Sulfate attacks are identified through a remedial survey but they can often be overlooked when undertaking a damp survey as they can be considered as a structural rather than a dampness issue but moisture is required to promote the reaction. A first visual and leveling inspection of the structure and … See more Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C3S) (alite), and dicalcium silicate (C2S) (belite). Upon hydration, the main reaction products are See more • Oxidation of pyrite in clay formations in contact with concrete – this produces sulfuric acid which reacts with concrete. • Bacterial activity in sewers – anaerobic sulfate reduction at work in the organic-rich sludges accumulated under water in the conduits produces See more Sulfur has long been known to contribute to damage. This is true for many materials such as metal corrosion, or concrete degradation. In King Lear, Shakespeare says: There’s hell, there’s darkness, there is the sulphurous pit, … See more This is the more common type and typically occurs where groundwater containing dissolved sulfate are in contact with concrete. Sulfate ions diffusing into concrete react with See more If gypsum is present in excess in concrete, it reacts with the monosulfate aluminates to form ettringite: A fairly well-defined reaction front can often be observed in See more The remedial action depends on the severity of the attack and on the risk related to its evolution. If repairs are required because of the extent of damages, … See more • Concrete degradation • Pitting corrosion (effect of sulfur and sulfides) See more Web14 Mar 2013 · Alkali-Silica Reaction: Causes and Solutions. B. Erlin Cross-section of concrete cracks caused by alkali-reactive chert and strained quartz. Filling the cracks and air voids is white alkali-silica gel. Alkali-silica reactivity, better known as ASR, has openly been with us since the early1940s when it was discovered in California and publicized ...
Surface Treatments for Concrete under Physical Salt Attack
WebHelifix products and their concealed, non-disruptive, installation techniques play an important role in preserving our built environment, from housing, offices, factories and bridges to churches, listed buildings and heritage structures. Wherever possible, repair and refurbishment is increasingly seen as a more sustainable option than ... WebSulfate attack of concrete is a complex process, which includes physical salt attack due to salt crystallization and chemical sulfate attack by sulfates from soil, groundwater, or … motorworks illinois
Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration - Cement
WebUnder certain circumstances, sulfate attack of mortar and concrete in the UK has led to large repair bills but it is equally true to say that considering the large volumes of concrete … Web1 Jul 1996 · Production of high-quality, low-permeability concrete is the first line of defense against chemical attack. Admixtures reduce concrete permeability in several ways. They … WebBlinding is a non-structural concrete to form a level and more stable surface on which further works can be more readily undertaken and is typically of 50 to 100mm depth. It is usual to ignore blinding when considering the sulfate environment, the structural concrete mix design being proportioned to resist the potential of sulfate attack. healthy hamburger soup recipe ground beef